WaterTheft assembles and harmonizes hydrological, socioeconomic, and spatial datasets for three living labs in Spain, Australia, and the United States. Core data include satellite-based irrigation and land-use observations to produce high-resolution water sue estimates and detect water theft, hydrometeorological and groundwater data, microeconomic data (including farm-level data and behavioral data through lab experiments with farmers), and regional-to-global economic statistics. These data are integrated through common spatial grids and maps linking farms, landscapes, and water bodies, as well as market data from regional to global level.